If at the end of life the sinner clasps hands and says "Namo Amitābha", such a one will be born in His precious lake. those who have committed all sins except dishonouring the sūtras. These three lowest grades are (1) 下品上生 The highest of the three lowest classes who enter the Pure Land of Amitābha, i.e. The three lowest of the nine classes born in the Amitābha Pure Land, v. (noun or adjectival noun) vulgar indecent coarse crude (place-name) Shimoshina The 釋氏要覽 divides presiding elders into four classes, those presiding over monasteries, over assemblies of monks, over sects, and laymen presiding over feasts to monks ecclesiastical officials Old man, or elder head monk, president, or abbot the first Buddhist fathers a title of Mahākāśyapa also of monks of twenty to forty- nine years standing, as 中座 are from ten to nineteen and 下座 under ten. (n,vs,adj-no) chief seat seat of honor seat of honour head of the table (place-name) Jōza There are differences in the Mahāyāna methods, but similarity of aim. Lastly, in the fourth stage the mind becomes indifferent to all emotions, being exalted above them and purified. Then he divests himself of ecstasy, reaching the third stage of serenity. Concentrating his mind on the same subject, he frees it from reasoning, the ecstasy and serenity remaining, which is the second jhāna. Gradually his soul becomes filled with a supernatural ecstasy and serenity', his mind still reasoning: this is the first jhāna. According to Childers' Pali Dictionary, 'The four jhānas are four stages of mystic meditation, whereby the believer's mind is purged from all earthly emotions, and detached as it were from his body, which remains plunged in a profound trance.' Seated cross-legged, the practiser 'concentrates his mind upon a single thought. The first three are the first dhyāna, the second three the second dhyāna, the third three the third dhyāna, and the remaining nine the fourth dhyāna. The eighteen brahmalokas are divided into four dhyāna regions 'corresponding to certain frames of mind where individuals might be reborn in strict accordance with their spiritual state'. There are numerous methods and subjects of meditation. ![]() The term also connotes Buddhism and Buddhist things in general, but has special application to the 禪宗 q.v. It is a form of 定, but that word is more closely allied with samādhi, cf. as 'getting rid of evil', etc., later as 靜慮 quiet meditation. dhyāna is 'meditation, thought, reflection, especially profound and abstract religious contemplation'. Adopted by Buddhists for dhyāna, 禪 or 禪那, i.e. To level a place for an altar, to sacrifice to the hills and fountains to abdicate. (out-dated kanji) (1) (Buddhist term) dhyana (profound meditation) (2) (abbreviation) Zen (Buddhism) (surname) Yuzuri
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